What benefits, rights or entitlements does having a National Insurance give me?

By paying National Insurance it entitles all residents in the United Kingdom to things like:

Universal credit
Maternity/paternity allowance
State Pension

Once you have your National Insurance Number you will be able to register for government assistance if you find yourself unable to work, due to illness or unemployment.

There are different levels of National Insurance depending on your income.

How long does it take to get a National Insurance Number?

What is a National Insurance number appointment?

Can I collect my National Insurance number in person?

I can’t find my National Insurance Number, how do I access it?

I have a British Passport, do I need to still apply for a National Insurance Number?

What’s the difference between a National Insurance Number and a Right to Work code?